Common Motors on Tuesday stated it’s planning to develop into the world’s first automaker to make use of lithium-manganese-rich (LMR) batteries in manufacturing vans and full-size SUVs beginning in 2028. The brand new chemistry marks a serious pivot, not simply from at the moment’s nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) and lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) batteries, but in addition from pouch cells GM has lengthy relied on.
Going ahead, a few of GM’s EVs will use LMR cells in a prismatic format. Fashions utilizing LFP and NMC aren’t going anyplace. The three battery varieties will proceed to co-exist, providing patrons a breadth of choices relying on their wants.
What’s The Massive Deal With Prismatic LMR Cells?
Common Motors LMR Prismatic Cell
Picture by: Common Motors
GM says the LMR chemistry is near LFP on the subject of the price benefits and nearer to NMC by way of efficiency and power density. The LMR chemistry is carefully associated to NMC, however makes use of far decrease content material of the costly and soiled metals nickel and cobalt, and as an alternative employs a a lot larger portion of manganese, which GM says is comparatively cheap and ample in Earth’s crust.
However it’s not simply the chemistry GM is rethinking. The shift to prismatic cells is simply as necessary.
Within the battery world, styles and sizes matter. Prismatic cells are principally square-ish or rectangular, giving them a modular and stackable design that’s simpler to combine into battery packs. In easy phrases, a greater match equals much less wasted area inside a pack and an total space-optimized battery design. GM’s pouch cells additionally match neatly collectively, however massive format prismatic cells have extra benefits.
“Our pouch cells at the moment have a left and a proper module that are actually laborious to attach into one bigger module,” Andy Oury, a battery engineer and enterprise planning supervisor at GM informed reporters in a briefing on the automaker’s R&D heart in Warren, Michigan final week.
“Fewer bigger modules is a value discount technique and having that exact prismatic cell form is actually necessary to the general simplification of the module and manufacturing,” Oury added.
Growth of LMR batteries didn’t occur in a single day. GM has been engaged on it for a decade, however the pandemic kicked issues into excessive gear. The corporate started in-house supplies R&D in 2020, constructed a demo cathode in 2021 and produced its first full-size batch of LMR cells in 2023. By 2024, it had manufactured over a ton of LMR cathode energetic materials (CAM) and locked in a automobile software early this yr.
A few yr and a half in the past, the automaker additionally roped in Kurt Kelty, a battery trade veteran who spent 15 years at Tesla after which joined GM as its new head of battery and propulsion. And he wasn’t instantly offered on the prismatic cell format. GM engineers needed to persuade their new boss.
“I got here in with a bias. I used to be like after all the reply is cylindrical. It needs to be cylindrical,” Kelty stated. “However my staff identified the variations, how we will get the next power density at a decrease value,” he added.
Now GM says the prismatic cell format alone is enabling 75% fewer components than its pouch cells on the module stage and 50% fewer components on the general pack stage. “Lots of of kilos” of weight financial savings are anticipated, too. GM engineers stated prismatic LMR cells promise 33% extra power density and prices which might be “comparable” in {dollars} per kilowatt hour in comparison with LFP batteries.
LFP battery tech is quickly bettering in China, however the nation additionally enjoys a stranglehold on that offer chain. The U.S. wants its personal playbook, one which’s tailor-made to distinctive American challenges, like making full-size electrical vans and SUVs really make sense economically.
At present they don’t precisely try this. I noticed the Hummer EV’s 24-module battery pack on the Common Motors Technical Heart in Michigan final week and it appeared concerning the measurement of a king-size mattress and the load of a whole BYD Seagull, almost 3,000 kilos.
Will It Work? Too Early To Inform
GM Wallace Battery Innovation Heart Michigan
Picture by: Suvrat Kothari
Prismatic LMR cells are nonetheless far off from mass manufacturing. We’re at the least three years away from seeing it in a manufacturing automobile. However GM is betting on it and so is Ford.
“The Mannequin 3 and Mannequin Y had been developed years in the past, and to vary them at this level is a big deal,” Kelty stated, referring to why the mass market Teslas have remained largely unchanged by way of their battery chemistry through the years.
However after a number of manufacturing delays and software program complications within the current previous, GM lastly appears to have discovered a technique to reduce by way of its bureaucratic crimson tape, giving its battery groups the uncommon, startup-like freedom to innovate and remedy issues quick.
“When you’re beginning with a clean sheet of paper, you should utilize something you need, you should utilize cylindrical, prismatic, pouch and any chemistry,” Kelty stated. “That’s a win for a battery man. It does not get significantly better than that.”
Have a tip? Contact the writer: suvrat.kothari@insideevs.com
